North American reintroduction as ecological proxies after the Pleistocene

African bush elephant as a proxy for the American mastodon

Asian elephant as a proxy for the Columbian mammoth

Dromedary camel as a proxy for the camelops

Onager as a proxy for the extinct North American horses

Plains zebra as a proxy for the extinct North American horses

Giant armadillo as a proxy for the Glyptotherium

African cheetah as a proxy for the American cheetah (Miracinonyx)

Dhole as a proxy for the dire wolf

Collared peccary as a proxy for the Platygonus

Tapir as a proxy for other tapirs

African lion as a proxy for the American lion

Siberian tiger as a proxy for the Smilodon